SIWESS REPORT 2015: LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES: 2015

A REPORT OF THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) CARRIED OUT

AT

MEDICAL LIBRARY, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI.

PERIOD OF ATTACHMENT: JULY 2014 TO DECEMBER 2014

IORPAV RAPHAEL IORTILE
BSU/ED/LIS/11/11305

SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE PROGRAMME

FACUTY OF EDUCATION,
BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY MAKURDI IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF LIS 304 SIWES AS A REQUISITE FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.SC.) LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

DECEMBER 2014

TITLE PAGE

THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) CARRIED OUT

MEDICAL LIBRARY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY MAKURDI

PERIOD OF ATTACHMENT

JULY 2014 TO DECEMBER 2014

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that IORPAV, Raphael Iortile with matriculation Number BSU/ED/LIS/11/11305 of Educational Foundations Department, Library and information science programme, Benue State University, Makurdi underwent his six months Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme(SIWES) at Medical Library, College of Health Sciences Benue University Makurdi, from July, 2014-December, 2014.

………………………………… ………………………
Supervisor signature/date

…………………………………..                                     …….………………….
SIWES Coordinator                                                                signature/date

…………………………………..                                          ….……………………
Coordinator of LIS Programme                                                 signature/date

DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to Almighty God who gives me strength and the inspiration in the course of this work, also to my parents, Mr. Iorpav Luse Uvie-Agbe, Mrs. Rebecca Mbahangen Iorpav and to my supervisor, Dr Abdulrazaq Baba Abdulrahman.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to the Almighty God for His inspiration, guidance and strength that with his intimate mercy take me through this course work.

Many thanks to my supervisor, Dr Abdulraqaz Baba Abdulraman for taking time despite his tide schedule to supervise me during my training.

Furthermore, my sincere appreciation also goes to Mrs. Rebecca Ape PhD and the entire staff of Medical Library, for developing in me an awareness of the general workplace, behaviour and interpersonal skills development, and giving me the opportunity to get a feel of the work environment which has exposed me to the librarianship responsibilities and ethics.

I would also like to express my appreciation to Prof. Michael Ochogwu, the Unit coordinator, and Mr. Samuel Shaorga Nyam SIWES Coordinator Library and Information science Department, Benue state university for their illuminating ideas.

My special thanks go to Mr. Solomon Yisa who fixed my Laptop and encouragement during the training, Mrs. P.M Tarzaan and Mr. John Agi and my course mates that we did the IT together and to everyone who have contributed in one way or the other.

Let me also, pay tribute to my Foster Mother ASP Monica Gyoh, My uncle and his wife Mr. and Mrs. Manasseh Yangeve for their immense contribution to the success of this program.

To this end, I would like to thank my mentor and brother & his Wife Hon & Mrs. Alfred Iorpav for their financial support and encouragement through this Prgramme.

ABSTRACT

This report covers a review of work undertaken during the students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) at the medical Library, CHS BSU Makurdi, Benue State. The nature of the work is that of library organization and library services, the functional sections of the library. This report covers the projects carried out by the student; creating of databases using CDS/ISIS software a UNESCO software which is use for computerized management of catalogues and databases, collection development, classification and cataloguing of library materials, organization of library materials in readers services and serials sections of library.

These projects allowed the student to acquire the knowledge of online databases, shelving and shelf reading, blocking, cataloguing, answering of reference queries and online cataloguing. Other knowledge acquired are charging and discharging of library materials.
CDS/ISIS software project exposed the student to the knowledge of creating a database definition component allowing the user to define the data to be processed for a particular application and functions allowing the user to build relational data bases, though CDS/ISIS is not based over a relational model.

The library services and resources are traditionally organized and operated.
The report concludes with skills learnt and recommendations.

REPORT OVERVIEW

The report stated the objective of SIWES which is to provide an avenue for students in institution of higher learning to acquire industrial skills and experience in their approved course of study and also to prepare students for the industrial works situation which they are likely to meet after graduation.
The report also stated the description of the establishment of attachment and the work carried out during the attachment period.
Further more, it also stated the problems encountered during the programme and also gave suggestion for improvement of the scheme.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page…………………………………………………………………………………………i

Certification ……………………………………………………………………………………...ii

Dedication………………………………………………………………………………………...iii

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………..iv

Abstracts…………………………………………………………………………………………..v
Report overview………………………………………………………………………………….vi

List of Tables/Figures…………………………………………………………………………….vii

Table of contents……………………………………………………………………………….. viii

CHAPTER ONE: - INTRODUCTION/HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE

ESTABLISHMENT

1.1 Introduction……………………………………...…………………………………………..1

1.2 Historical Background of Medical Library…………………………………………………..3

1.3 Objective of establishment………………………………………………………………......4

CHAPTER TWO:-ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE LIBRARY

ORGANISATION

2.1 Structure of Organization …………………………………………………………………....6

2.2 The various department /units in the medical library and their functions………………...….7

CHAPTER THREE: - ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING SIWES PERIOD

3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………15

3.2 Activities carried out at Serial Section……………………………………………...15

2.3 Activities Carried Out In E- Library/ICT Section………………………………...19

3.4 Activities Carried Out in Technical Services Section……………………………....21

3.5 Activities Carried Out in Readers Services Section............................................28

CHAPTER FOUR: - PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES ENCOUNTER DURING EXERCISE

INCLUDING PROBLEMS OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY

4.1 Challenges of Siwes on students………………………………………….…………………34

4.2 Challenges of the Medical Library………………………………………………………….36

4.3 Personal Challenges…………………………………………………………………............37

4.4 suggestions to the problems…………………………………………………………………38

CHAPTER FIVE: - SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA-

TION FOR IMPROVEMENT
5.1 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………….40

5.2 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..40

5.3 Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………....41

References………………………………………………………………………………….43

Appendix……………………………………………………………………………….….44

LIST OF TABLES/FIGURES

Figure 1: Medical Library Organizational Chart………………………………………..7

Figure 2: Form for Journal Entry/Registration…………………………………………16

Figure 3: Kardex Card for Journal Entry……………………………………………….17

Figure 4: Form for Registration of Dailies…………………………………….………..18

Figure 5: A Bibliographic Control Card…………………………………………….….18

Figure 6: CDS/ISIS Environment……………………………………………………......21

Figure 7: Authorship Card…………………………………………………………..…..27

Figure 8: Subject Card……………………………………………………………..….…27

Figure 9: Properly Shelved Books…………………………………………………..…..29

Figure 10: Properly Blocked Books………………………………………………….....29

Figure 11: Charging/Discharging Card……………………………………….………....30

Figure 12: Readers Statistics Form…………………..…………………………………32

Figure 13: Statistics of Books Consulted Form…….………………………………….33

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION/HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

1.1 Introduction

        The students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in 1973/1974 session. Prior to the establishment of the scheme, there was a growing concern among our industrialists that graduates of our institutions of higher learning lacked adequate practical background studies preparatory for employment in the Industries. It is against this background that the rationale for initiating and designing the scheme was hinged. Consequently, the scheme affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing themselves to the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not available in their institutions.
       The growing concern among our industrialists that graduates of our institutions of Higher learning lack adequate practical background studies preparatory for employment in industries, led to the formation of Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) by ITF in 1993/1994. (Information and Guideline for SIWES 2002) ITF has as one of its key functions; (1) to work as cooperative entity with industry and commerce where students in institutions of higher learning can undertake mid-career work experience attachment in industries which are compatible with students area of study (Okorie 2002, cited in Asikadi 2003).
         The scheme was designed to expose students to industrial environment and enable them to development and enable them develop occupational competencies so that they can readily contribute their quota to national economic and technological development after graduation. The Scheme also enables students to acquire knowledge, skill and experience to perform jobs in their respected fields.

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem of lack of adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in industries by Nigerian graduates of tertiary institutions. The SIWES Programmes according to Nse (2012) citing Onwuji (2004) being a skills acquisition programme blends theory with practice in the industrial and commercial activities of our national economy.

Nse J. (2012) citing Ugwuamji (2010) asserts that SIWES is a cooperative industrial internship program that involves institutions of higher learning, Industries, the Federal government of Nigeria, Industrial Training Fund (ITF), Nigerian Universities Commission (NUC) and NBTE/NCCEE in Nigeria.

The scheme affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing themselves to the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not available in their institutions. Thus, the students' industrial work experience scheme generally referred to I.T (Industrial Attachment) is an initiative of the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) that provides avenues for student in institutions of higher learning to acquire practical skills that they are likely to meet after graduation.

It is against this background that the rationale for initiating and designing the scheme by the Fund during its formative years – 1973/74 was introduced to acquaint students with the skills of handling employers’ equipment and machinery.

The ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative years. But as the financial involvement became unbearable to the Fund, it withdrew from the Scheme in 1978. The Federal Government handed over the scheme in 1979 to both the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE). Later the Federal Government in November 1984 reverted the management and implementation of the SIWES Programme to ITF and it was effectively taken over by the Industrial Training Fund in July 1985 with the funding being solely borne by the Federal Government (Akerejola, O. 2008).

Participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for the award of Diploma and Degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of higher learning in the country, in accordance with the education policy of government.

According to Akerejola, O. (2008) The objective of SIWES among others include, to:
a) Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of study, which are restricted to Engineering and Technology including Environmental studies and other courses that may be approved. Courses of NCE (Technical), NCE Agriculture, NCE (Business), NCE (Fine and Applied Arts) and NCE (Home Economics) in Colleges of Education are also included.

b) Prepare students for the industrial work situation they are to meet after graduation;

c) Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that may not be available in their institutions.

d) Make the transition from school to the world of work easier, and enhance students’ contacts for later job placement;

e) Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice; and

f) Enlist and strengthen employers, involvement in the entire educational process and prepare students for employment in Industry and Commerce.

Benefits of Industrial Training to Students are;

a. The scheme provides students the opportunity to apply the theoretical principles taught in schools is real job situation. This leads to better understanding of the subjects.

b. It affords them the opportunity to interact with a larger spectrum of people in industrial set up which is different from campus life. Hence this helps personality and maturity development.

c. It enables the students prepare themselves for the future of work. The taste of the pudding is in the eating. Hence, this is an opportunity to peep into the future and determine how much they are ready for it.

d. The scheme helps the students in developing intellectual skills as they are often left on their own to take technical decisions and often analyze complex inter disciplinary problems and offer appropriate solutions applicable to real situation.

1.2 Historical Background of the Medical Library

The earliest idea to set up a medical school was mooted by Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu when he became Governor of Benue State in 1992. He called the academic’s of Benue State origin to advice the government about setting up a university and Dr. Gyoh was in the sub-committee to advice on setting up a faculty of medicine to train Doctors. It was an enormous undertaking in a state heavily reliant on the allocations from the federal government. Although Rev.Fr. Adasu succeeded in setting up the university nothing was heard of a medical school until the idea was revived by His Excellency, George Akume as governor in 1999. He got the jos based Architect John Ameh to produce the preliminary drawings of the faculty of medicine. Governor Akume took Dr. Gyoh and the Architect John Ameh one afternoon to the present site on which the college stands. The college edifice designed by John Ameh apparently fell out with the government and another architect supervised the completion of the construction. After all these preliminary activities, the governor got Prof. Charles Vajime the then Vice-Chancellor of Benue State University (BSU) to set up a steering committee to advice the university on establishing a faculty of medicine.

The medical library fully comes to reality in 2005, fully furnished and stock with books, journals and other library materials. The e-library section emerged due to the advent of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Benue state university in 2010. The library has staff strength of 5 professionals, 2 technicians, 6 paraprofessionals and 4 non-professionals. The library having Dr Mrs. Rebecca Ape as Medical Librarian and Mr. Moses Odeh as Deputy Medical Librarian.

1.5 Objective of establishment

The overall objective of the study is defined as follows;

To offer a current and up-to-date collection of print and non-print materials supporting patient care, research and teaching needs of all library users. This translates into the following more specific objectives:

Provision of current information to users in a quick and cost effective manner
Provision of balanced perspective on medical issues
Provision of alternatives to formal learning in form of material support for continuing medical education
Provision of value services, which improves information delivery
Dissemination of health information and promotion of healthy lifestyles
Satisfying the health information needs of the community
Locating and assisting in the development of relevant information or materials
Pairing information outreach with other activities in which the populations already engaged e.g. workshops, conferences, community events etc and
Integrating health information into ongoing programmes of the target population in the community, thereby empowering members of the health community

CHAPTER TWO

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES OF THE LIBRARY RGANIZATION

2.1 Structure of Organisation

The medical library, college of health science Benue State University, Makurdi is structured in the manner which the provost who is the chief administrator of the medical college oversees the daily operations of the library. The medical librarian who is answerable to the provost is the first in command. He/she oversees the daily activities of the library and reports directly to the provost.

The medical library operates with four functional divisions which co-ordinate by library professionals, Para-professionals and Non-professionals

Organogram of Medical Library, CHS Benue State University, Makurdi.

Classification Unit

Reserve Unit

Reference Unit

Cataloguing Unit

E-Library

Collection Development

Circulation Unit

Readers Services Division

ICT Division

Technical Services Division

Serial Division

Administrative Officer

Secretary to Medical Library r y IiLibraryLibrarian Officer

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Librarian

College Provost

Fig. 1: Medical Library Organizational structure

2.2 The various department /sections in the medical library and their functions.

The following are the divisions of the library:-

1. Serial Section

2. Readers Services Section

3. Technical Services Section

4. E-library (ICT) Section

SERIAL SECTION

This division was headed by Mrs. Kate Agbo; the division plays an extremely high role in the library system. The serial department deals with the selection, subscription, acquisition, processing and dissemination of serial materials such as magazines, journals, newspapers, periodicals and also with the abstracting of such materials.

The serial division receives its resources from a vendor which the college subscribes for newspapers and magazines. The serial division also receives donated items from various individuals and groups, mostly periodicals and journals.

Recording/Processing

The journals received by the division are entered into a register known as “Journal Entry Register” after which they are stamped with the library stamp for prove of ownership. Meanwhile, the dailies (newspapers) which includes, Daily Trust, Sunday Trust, Weekly Trust, Guardian, the nation, voice, the newspapers that are supplied to the serial division of the college of health science, Benue State University Makurdi and are also entered on a form daily as they are supplied, they are marked with alphabet lettered A-D, A, for the highest amount of material, D, with the lowest price bought. In some cases, magazines come with process varying, e.g. N750 and 700, both are marked ‘A’ without any contention.

By the end of every month, newspapers are arranged according to dates and type of newspaper and audited/vetted by the college Audit and store’s representatives after whom payments are processed.

READERS SERVICES SECTION

This division was headed by Mrs. Grace Abari. The main purpose of every library is service to its clientele. Thus, in the reader’s service division, the procedures for obtaining resource materials by the patrons should be as simple as possible so that the best possible service may be offered. This is the centre where the library services offered to the library users are vividly seen and could be appreciated by users. In the medical library set up, the division consists of the following; circulation, reference and reserve units.

Circulation Unit

Circulation unit is where the libraries avails its material to patrons based on the rules and regulations of the library, there are rules and regulations guiding the check in and out’s which are usually made public to all library users and clientele are expected to adhere to them to facilitate quick and smooth service.

Circulation services Maintains users’ accounts and provide services such as: registration of all categories of library users, the borrowing and renewing of materials, the processing of readers’ requests, and the shelving and sorting of books, and other library materials.

i. Registration

Before students are allowed to use a library, it is expected that they come along with their school ID cards or original copy of admission letter. Staff is also allowed entry on presentation of ID cards for registration as the potential user of medical library; registered new members are issues borrowers’ cards and renew membership cards etc. medical library as a young and new special library, it has not started registering users and borrowing out materials due to high cost of the materials.

ii. Shelving

Shelving is the art of placing library materials systematically on shelves for easy retrieval by patrons on demand. In the medical library, the shelf is marked QS-QZ for broad subject subjects in pre-clinical sciences, then W-WZ for Medicine and Related Subjects.

Before materials can be shelved, they need to be broken down into workable units according to shelf location and call number. Sorting prepares materials for efficient and quick re-shelving. Sorting is usually done on book trucks or on special shelves.

Library materials are assigned to their places on the shelves through the use of call numbers. These are found on the spine label. Call numbers arrange materials by subject based on classification systems. In addition, the call number divides subject classification by author. In Medical libraries, the most common system is National Library of Medicine Classification.

iii. Shelf Reading

Shelf-reading is the process of checking the collections for improperly shelved books. Shelf-reading has saved libraries a great deal of time and resources by locating books that may have otherwise been lost. Shelf-reading has also helped countless numbers of patrons find books by keeping the collections neat and in order. This is a daily task carried out and is done immediately you report to work before other activities takes place.

iv. Blocking

Blocking is when you bring each book out to the end of the shelf so that the entire shelf is lined up with the edge of the shelf and all books are standing upright with a book end placed at the end of each shelf.

v. Readers Statistics

Statistics is one of the most important responsibilities of staff in the circulation unit. The purpose for keeping readers statistics is to know the amount of readers/users of the library daily, weekly or yearly. This can be use to determine the level of library utilization and how to plan library budget.

vi. Statistics of Books Consulted

The librarian goes around the library checking books that belongs to the library and that are consulted by users, in this belongs to the library and that are consulted by patrons, in this regard, the exact statistics of books consulted is taken. To achieve this feat, the library tradition is adhered to by readers that, all books consulted should be left on tables by the patron to enable the library have statistics of the books consulted. It is carried out by 2pm and 4pm.

vii. Manning of Exit

By so doing, library assistants are posited by the entrance into the library. On presentation of your school ID card, you are allowed entry and when going out of the library, you are properly checked for the purpose of security of materials.

Meanwhile, bags are however prohibited in the library for the library to properly keep vigilant of its collections.

viii. Filing

In order for the card catalogue to be effective, the cards must be arranged to a definite plan, with the rules for filing consistently and carefully followed. The arrangement is word be word, alphabetizing letter by letter within the words. The rules are based on ALA Rules for filing catalogue cards 2^nd edition and 1968, published by the American Library Association.

Reserve Unit

This unit is coordinated by the head of the readers’ services division. The unit holds materials that are of high valve and demand but are limited in copies. Such materials are also very expensive to be purchased and hard to acquire through gifts or exchange.

These materials are lent to patrons only within the building and for the period of two hours. However, a patron can use such a material more than two hours if the material is not demanded for by another patron. Books at the reserve unit are not given out; even the photocopying of such materials is done within the building.

Reference Unit

The reference unit houses books that are used to find specific pieces of information. Such books are strictly meant for consultation and not for reading straight through from page to page or in their entirety, as such, they are referred to as reference books. In addition, because the information can be read quickly and should always be available when needed, they are not normally circulated outside the library. They are shelved in a special separate area in the library.

The reference unit is a separate entity and holds about 2000 precious reference tools, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, biographical dictionaries, yearbooks, hand books, almanacs, directories, atlases, gazetteers, indexes, quotation books, bibliographies, accession lists, guides, maps, etc. It is arranged in the Hall mid between the Centre and reading room of the library. Its function is to answer the readers’ reference questions and to keep a record of the reference questions asked and answered. The reference questions may range from simple reference question to complex research questions. It provides reference service to fulfill the information needs of the teachers, the students and the researchers. It also answers the questions like who is who, what is what, how and where etc. to save the precious time of the users.

Reference services assist students, college and staff in utilizing available resources as well as locating off-campus sources

TECHNICAL SERVICES SECTION

This division is headed by Mrs. P. M Tarzaan. This division of the library handles services that are technical in nature which is often referred to as “behind the scene”. This division is however sub-divided into two main units namely, Collection Development Unit and Cataloguing and Classification Unit.

Collection Development

This section acquires book and non-book materials for the library use. In the same vein, the section is known as the heart of the library. It also identifies the strength and weakness of the library collections so as to bring everlasting or possible solution to such weakness. The section selects, evaluate and acquires resources for the library.

Cataloguing and Classification

The cataloguing and classification unit takes charge of the organization of the total library resources with suitable bibliographic control measures to facilitate access to the resources by users. In this unit, books and materials are described by pointing out its subject content, while classification simply involves assigning a class mark or number to a book that corresponds with its subject content following a chosen classification scheme. The medical library, college of Health Science, Benue State University, Makurdi uses the National library of medicine classification scheme.

E-LIBRARY/ICT SECTION

This division is headed by Mr. Murphy Igbudu and assisted by Mr. Yisa Solomon. In this division, computers and other audio-visual materials are used for operation. Te division is housed within the main library complex with at least Fifteen five desktop computers, a mini sever which holds the colleges databases and files, routers and switches positioned at strategic locations to distribute the network and an uninterruptable power supply (ups) known as inverter which can sustain power for over twenty hours after normal power supply is off and also made space available for laptop owners/operators. This division comprises of two units namely

i. computer unit (E-learning)

ii. Audio Visual unit

Computer Unit

The computer unit is where the library receives its network services from the headquarters in the main campus of the university and uses computers with various software installed in them, to access the internet and other facilities, it also possesses the e-learning area. The computer unit in the library has two form of network connection.

The first form is the wired Local Area Network (LAN) that uses cat 5c Ethernet cables and RJ45 connectors to supply internet to over twenty desktop personal. Computers (pc’s) some of these are used only by students registered in the library.

The second form of network connectivity is the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), as the name implies, offers a wireless connection to as many computers with wireless Network Interface Cards (NIC) anywhere in the library building. Both students and staff have no limited time on usage of its apparatus.

In view of the vital role of automated system in the Libraries of modern age, it was genuinely felt that a suitable system be acquired for automation purpose. The library has started working on CDS/ISIS system specifically prepared by UNESCO. It is a matter of great satisfaction that the system has shown commendable results and the library users have widely appreciated it. The retrieval functions of the system have been particularly useful in getting the desired material within the shortest possible time.

Audio Visual (Non-Book) Unit

This unit deals with all sources of information and materials that transmit messages in audio format (oral) video format (picture) or audiovisual format. All materials are in non-book form, examples are Microfiche, Audio and Video Cassettes, Studies, Compact discs (CD’S)

These materials usually need a playing medium for them to be viewed or disseminated.

Non-Book Material	Medium For Dissemination
Microfilm	Microfilm Reader
Microfitche	Microfiche Reader
Slides	Projector
CD-Rom	Computer Set
DVD/VCD	DVD Player
Movies	Movies Projector
Video Cassettes	Video Cassette Player

CHAPTER THREE

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING SIWES PERIOD

3.1 Introduction

Work experience is an educational program in which students participate in work activities while attending school. This work experience program gives students the opportunity to be part of an actual work situation outside the classroom.

3.2 Activities carried out at Serial Section

From 15^th July - 29th August, 2014 I was posted to serial Section of the Library. A serial which I was told is a continuing publication issued once a year or less frequently. Serials, include non-monographic items issued under same title, with consecutive numbering or dates, and are intended to be indefinitely e.g. Annual reports, yearbooks. Serial include titles issued in frequent editions, such as directories or handbook. Others are Journals; Magazines, University/College / Government Publications and News papers. Serial titles either with accession number or without accession numbers are catalogued and classified.

The major activities undertaken with tide supervision are;

How newspapers, magazines and Journals are registered and stamped for prove of ownership. Processes of internal and external auditing of the newspapers (daily’s) they includes; daily trust, nation, Sunday trust, guardian, voice, weekly trust, news watch and the news and how to enter donated files in the register.

Binding of newspapers, formal arrangement and storage, how journals are registered, the sequence of entry of information contained in a journal with edition status. I was also taught how to compare bibliography of information contained in a newspaper/magazine. The library is concerned with medical items because it is a special library for the purpose of serving its medical community.

After the traditional activities of the serial section which includes; Registration of dailies and stamping, attend to users who patronize the serial section to read from the vast resources available for research and term papers. Journals are registered on Kardex card attach with yellow paper which have same information with the register, the register here serve as Kardex Card. Mrs. Kate Agbo further explain that the absent of Kartex card in the library, register was made available for registration and documentation of acquired journal.

The serial section of the library however, was headed by a graduate librarian Mrs. Kate Agbo, assisted by James Eriba.

The diagrams below show how newspaper/magazine and journal Entry Sheet (form) looks like.

Title of Journals	Previous Edition	Vol.No.	Title No.	Latest edition	Vol. No.	Title No.	Total	Publishers Name.
Savannah Journal of Medicine Research and Practice	Jan-June 2012	6	1	Jul-Dec 2014			3	Al-Fattah Publication
Sub-Sahara African Journal Medicine	Jan-Mar 2014	7	2	Apr-jul. 2014	9	5	4	Official Journal of Faculty of Medicine, ABU, Zaria, Nig.
International Journal of Herbal Medicine	June, 2012	3	1	Dec. 2013	4		6	Klobex Academic Publishers Nigeria

Fig. 2: Form for Journal Entry

Fig. 3: Kardex Card for journal

Aug. 2014	Daily Trust	Sun. Trust	Weekly Trust	Guardian	The Nation	Voice	The News Magazine	The News watch Magazine	Sign
1	1C			1C	1C
2	1C			1C	1C
3	1C			1C	1C	1D
4			1B	1C	1C		1A (750)
5		1B		1C	1C
6	1C			1C	1B			1A (400)
7	1C			1C	1C
8	1C			1C	1C	1D
9	1C			1C	1C
10	1C			1C	1C
11		1B	1B	1C	1C			1B
12				1A	1B
13	1C			1C	1C
14	1C			1C	1C
15	1C			1C	1C
16	1C			1C	1C	1D
17	1C			1C	1C
18				1A	1C
19		1B	1B	1C	1B			1B
20	1C			1C	1C
21	1C			1C	1C
22	1C			1C	1C
23	1C			1C	1C
24	1C			1C	1C
25	1C			1C	1C
26				1C	1C
27				1C	1C
28	1C	1B	1B	1C	1C
29	1C			1A	1B	1D
30	1C			1C	1C
31	1C			1C	1C

Fig. 4: Form for Daily Registration of News Papers and Magazines.

LAW

THE NATION: Tuesday Aug. 12^th, 2014 P 39.

UNILAG Don sues eight banks for alleged internet fraud.

University of Lagos (UNILAG) Don Dr Oluwatosin Sanu has sued eight commercial banks for alleged internet fraud on her bank accounts.

By Adebisi Onanuga

Fig. 5: A Bibliographic Card

Experience gained

I was able to help a researcher with articles from the Journal with the aid of Bibliographic control. I also gain knowledge on how to register, stamp, and arrange serial materials. To greatest surprise I can take records of serial materials.

I can also compile a bibliography on library and information science studies and in many other disciplines or titles and also manage serial materials.

2.3 Activities Carried Out in E- Library/ICT Section

From 11^th October – 20^th November, 2014 we were shifted to the e-Library, learning from the rudiments of computer was actually very interesting, but knowing and operating the computer has being quit Luddite. We were introduced to micro-soft word application, i.e. Typing, organizing, storing and retrieving of saved information using micro soft word and importance of Microsoft word in the Library.

We were also taught on how to work with Microsoft Power Point application, i.e. writing/design slides, slide show, animation and presentation which allow the combination of text, graphics and sounds for presentation. Mr. Solomon Yisa told us that Microsoft Power Point is a package which is mainly for presentation and is use in Library for Library instruction or User education.

Also familiarize with the merits and De-merits of an E –library or digital library. The electronic library is an integral part of study research as from the definitive’s without wall’s for it avail’s one, the opportunity to a wider variety of knowledge.

We also Learn the concept of “internet” its uses, and importance to library staff, students, lecturers and researchers. How to use Google bloggers to publish articles for the consumption of the general public, we were also taught on how stuff works, how the internet works because it shows how the infrastructure of the computer works in line with the internet.

We were taught about databases as an application that manages data collections such as Books, Journals and other items basically on-line. It allows fast storage and retrieval of same data stored for use. How data bases are accessed mostly through subscription, meanwhile, academic journals are open source databases. Databases accessible in this library include;

i. HINARI= Health inter-network and access to research initiatives

ii. OARE= Online access to online research in environment

iii. AJOL= African journal online

iv. AJ= Academic journal which is mostly free

v. Elsevier

vi. Science Direct

Due to the high cost of management and subscription of the databases, Medical library could not stand the cost so only open source databases are accessible.

On extra learning, I learnt how mechanism that enable you to know how the computer and internet service works, how Google search engine works, the General nature of yahoo, G-mail, Google and Web-browsers interacts.

Was also taught the use and nature of http; hyper text transfer protocol. How it transfers information from separate computers and databases are applied and use to search for information. After learning all these, the resultant effect on me was positive, knowing fully that the internet comprises of the inter-networking of different computers to gain access to required information sort by a patron. I also taught how to create Blog and it importance to the library. With a supervision of Mr. Solomon Yisa was able to created blog and featured an article “Challenges of Training and Education of Library and Information Science undergraduates in Nigerian Universities”. Finally, identified and retrieved information via journal-through subscribed and unsubscribed journal portals. The involvement here was putting things into practice.

I was also taught about library software which is use for library management, some of which are Greenstone, Alice for Windows, Koha and CDS/ISIS. The library have install Greenstone and CDS/ISIS software for management of their library and they only taught us how to create database using CDS/ISIS software and develop specialized applications using the CDS\ISIS integrated programming facility for library.

CDS/ISIS was regarded as an Information Storage and Retrieval system designed specifically for the computerized management of catalogues and databases. Since the introduction of CDS/ISIS the National Library has developed an integrated library system which allows for the automation of the circulations, acquisitions and serials management in libraries. Below is the CDS/ISIS environment ready to generate databases for a library.

Fig: 6. CDS/ISIS environment

Experience Gained

In this section I can do so many things regard to what I was taught. I can design in Microsoft Power Point application with the combination of text, graphics and sounds for presentation and as well use Microsoft power point for Library Education.

I can also publish articles on internet using Google Blogger with a good looking environment and attach picture using my blog address www.iorpavrafel.blogspot.com.

Same vein, I can also create lucrative database for small library like Medical Library using CDS/ISIS for special application using integrated programming facility.

3.4 Activities Carried Out in Technical Services Section

From 11^th October – 20^th November, 2014 of the program I was posted to technical department. This department was headed by Mrs. P.M. Tarzaan which she told us that the department house two units which are, Collection Development and Cataloguing and Classification Units. She taught US the process involves in preparing catalogue entries and classifying library resources at the section.

Collection Development unit

When I was moved to Collection Development unit, I was told that this unit is responsible for selecting and acquiring information materials that will enable librarians and information specialists to perform their myriad functions to users effectively. I also learn that major acquisition of these library materials is done by the central/university library and forwarded to Medical library.

During my stay in this unit, I stamped some newly acquired books. Books are stamped both on strategic and inner pages. Every page 10 of book acquired by the library is stamp. The following are the different type of stamp use in the library;

Ownership Stamp

Block Stamp

Accession stamp

When I was at the section, I stamp some newly acquired books with the ownership stamp which likely appear on the title page, pages 5, 10, to 30, and 40, 50 to 100 and for books that are Hundreds of pages 100, 200 to the last page. I gave accession number to some newly acquired books, which represent what additions in terms of number, it has acquired to existing stock of library. The accession number appears on the verso page of a book material inside the block stamp before the book is being registered in the accession register.

Classification and Cataloguing unit

            The Medical Library uses a classified catalogue.

Classification is the systematic arrangement of library collection on the shelves. A bibliographic classification is an orderly arrangement of terms or classes, resulting in the arrangement of documents based on subject content into groups or classes.

The Medical Library, College of Health Science makes use of National Library of Medicine Classification Scheme in classifying all their collection.

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) classification system is a library indexing system covering the fields of medicine and preclinical basic sciences. The NLM classification is patterned after the Library of Congress (LC) Classification system: alphabetical letters denote broad subject categories which are subdivided by numbers. For example, QW 279 would indicate a book on an aspect of microbiology or immunology.

The one- or two-letter alphabetical codes in the NLM classification use a limited range of letters: only QS–QZ and W–WZ. This allows the NLM system to co-exist with the larger LC coding scheme as neither of these ranges are used in the LC system. There are, however, three pre-existing codes in the LC system which overlap with the NLM: Human Anatomy (QM), Microbiology (QR), and Medicine (R). To avoid further confusion, these three codes are not used in the NLM.

The headings for the individual schedules (letters or letter pairs) are given in brief form (e.g., QW - Microbiology and Immunology; WG - Cardiovascular System) and together they provide an outline of the subjects covered by the NLM classification. Headings are interpreted broadly and include the physiological system; the specialties connected with them, the regions of the body chiefly concerned and subordinate related fields. The NLM system is hierarchical, and within each schedule, division by organ usually has priority. Each main schedule, as well as some sub-sections, begins with a group of form numbers ranging generally from 1–49 which classify materials by publication type, e.g., dictionaries, atlases, laboratory manuals, etc.

The main schedules QS-QZ, W-WY, and WZ (excluding the range WZ 220–270) classify works published after 1913; the 19th century schedule is used for works published 1801-1913; and WZ 220-270 is used to provide century groupings for works published before 1801.

Geographic Subdivisions— Table G

            Geographic subdivision is provided for certain subjects in the NLM schedules by the application of Table G. The use of geographical breakdown is restricted to those classes which are marked "Table G" in the schedules. Works on subjects that are divided by geographic breakdown may contain material that is broader in coverage than the areas represented in the Table G lists. A decimal number .1 is added to the number with the Table G breakdown to separate such materials. Thus WG 11 (Table G) is the number for the history of cardiology in particular geographic areas. WG 11.1 (not Table G) is the number for books with general coverage of the history of cardiology. Libraries in countries other than the United States may want to develop by the use of decimals the number assigned to their country to provide for a more systematic arrangement of the books on their shelves.

This scheme has two major categories and each category has classes. The following is the overview of NLM classification categories (National Library of Medicine Classification 1978).

Preclinical Sciences

· QS Human Anatomy

· QT Physiology

· QU Biochemistry

· QV Pharmacology

· QW Microbiology & Immunology

· QX Parasitology

· QY Clinical Pathology

· QZ Pathology

Medicine and Related Subjects

· W Health Professions

· WA Public Health

· WB Practice of Medicine

· WC Communicable Diseases

· WD Disorders of Systemic, Metabolic, or Environmental Origin, etc.

· WE Musculoskeletal System

· WF Respiratory System

· WG Cardiovascular System

· WH Hemic and Lymphatic Systems

· WI Digestive System

· WJ Urogenital System

· WK Endocrine System

· WL Nervous System

· WM Psychiatry

· WN Radiology. Diagnostic Imaging

· WO Surgery

· WP Gynecology

· WQ Obstetrics

· WR Dermatology

· WS Pediatrics

· WT Geriatrics. Chronic Disease

· WU Dentistry. Oral Surgery

· WV Otolaryngology

· WW Ophthalmology

· WX Hospitals & Other Health Facilities

· WY Nursing

· WZ History of Medicine

The Library only applies subject classification to items treated as monographs. Serial publications are separated by form and are assigned call numbers within several broad categories.

When I was in the unit I classified some of the newly acquired materials using National Library of Medicine classification Scheme and Medical Dictionary as Guide.

WB

925. JC6

CHE

                        1. Herbalism (a/e)

                              I. Cheinfu (a/e)

                              II. Title (a/e

QU

JAC

                        1. Body Fluid (a/e)

                              I. Jacob (a/e)

                              II. Title (a/e


 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
004231                          Accession Number

QU                       Class Mark

105                       Class Number

JAC                     Author Representative

The difference between the two classifications is, the first one uses Table G while this second one didn’t use, Table G carries cutter number of geographical region. These numbers varies from continents to nations of the world.

Cataloguing is an act of describing books and non-books materials pointing out important bibliographic information about the materials. It has remain one of the most technical duties that practicing librarian engaged in. It is also a function that exerts energy, requires great concentration, commitment and application of high intellectual ability on the part of the librarian as to be able to perform creditably in the task of information processing.

          I was also taught the process involve in preparing catalogue entries at the section. I was told that in cataloguing information materials at the library, Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules II (AACRII) is taken as a guide line because it spelt out cataloguing rules which have been adapted internationally.

            I learnt that the bibliographic records are the elements that are found in a document or information; they are group into the following:

-       Author statement

-       Statement of responsibility

-       Edition statement

-       Imprint

-       Collation

-       Notes Area

-       Series

-       International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

-       Added entries of tracings.



On my fourth weeks at the section, I catalogue some books for the library. Entries usually prepare are the main entry and added entries on the standard card of 3 x 5inc (7.5 x 12.5 cm).  Below is the Authorship and Subject catalogue Cards:

                                                   Author Card

WB                  CHEN John .K.

925.JC6                   Chinese Medical Herbology and

CHE                 Pharmacology/John .K. Chen, Tina .T. Chen

                               4^th ed. -USA: Art of Medicine press; 2001

Xxiv, 12674p, ill.

Includes bibliography and index

ISBN 0-9740635-0-9 HBK

1. Herbolism (a/e)

000634 I.Chen (a/e)

II. Chen (a/e)

III.Title (a/e)

   Fig. 7: Authorship Card

                                      Subject card

QU            Body Fluid

105                     Jacob, S.W.

JAC             Laboratory Manual of Structure and Function in

                   Man/Stanley W. Jacob, Clarice Asworth Francone

3^rd Ed. – London: W.B Saunders; 1974

ix, 296p, ill; 27cm

includes References

ISBN 0-7216-5102-x

I. Jacob (a/e)

001265 II. Francone (a/e)

III. Title (a/e)

   Fig. 8: Subject Card

After a catalogue entry has been created, they are filed or arranged systematically in a catalogue cabinet with existing catalogue entries.

Knowledge Gained

I have acquired knowledge on how to catalogue and classify information materials and I have also acquired knowledge on how to acquire information materials and all others function performed in the acquisition section.

I have also gained experience on how the daily routine tasks are performed in the library regard to technical services department and cataloguing is the brain of library and activities here are carried behind the scene.

3.5 Activities Carried Out in Readers Services Section

From 21^st November – 26^th December, 2014 I was moved to readers’ services section of the library. This department is headed by Mrs. Grace Abari, she explained the components that make up a reader section the units under it, their nature and duties carried out.

We learnt how to arrange books on library shelves i.e. shelving and shelve reading. Shelve reading of materials was done on a daily basis on assumption of duty (Daily routine). We were shown how statistics of readers are taken and that of consulted books. To properly shelve books, a few rules need to be followed

1. Check call numbers around the items being shelved to verify the shelf is in order.

2. Items should be upright and shelves should be adjusted to the proper height for the items they house. If one or two items are too tall to stand upright, shelve them on their spines with the call number label facing out.

3. Items with call number labels that cannot be read should be given to the Stack Management Supervisor or placed on the labeling shelf behind Circulation.

4. Items should be brought out to the edges of the shelves to make even, neat rows (called blocking.)

5. Each shelf should have a bookend at the end of the row.

6. Watch for crowded shelves. If an item will not slide back into its place with a gentle push, the shelf is too full. The proper method to remove an item is to push in the volumes on either side of it, then carefully grasp the center of the spine and remove it (not by pulling from the top of the spine.)

7. Items with damage (mold, mildew, insect, or tears on/to covers, pages, etc.) should be given to a supervisor. Check for sufficient air space behind the items on the shelves to allow for proper circulation of air. Remove bits of paper, post-its and paper clips.

8. Any loose papers or library items left at the end of each shelf or on the floor should be picked up. If an area is kept tidy, users will tend to leave it that way.

In medical library, the most common system/scheme is National Library of Medicine Classification.

Fig. 9: Properly Shelved Books

Fig. 10: Properly Blocked books

Manning of exit was a daily routine which taught us on how to check in and out of patrons of the library at the exits and the criteria of welcoming readers. Learnt about filing, the way and manner of placing the borrowers stop in accordance with month and year.

We are also learned charging and discharging of Library resources, on this we were told that Charging books Use a pink Carrel Charge Slip;

- Fill out the carrel number and the item's call number (found on the spine - ex: QS 580. G62 1997) in the space available on the charge slip

- Place the slip in the book and put it in tray on the desk

- The carrel attendant will stamp the book and the charge slip to indicate that it has been charged

- If the book has no barcode, bring it down to the circulation desk and leave it in the Carrel Coordinator' with a note indicating what carrel the book should be charged out to after it's bar coded

Fig. 11: Charging/Discharging Card

We also learn how to use catalogue cabinet and the importance or essentials of catalogue to the library users. The library Catalogue Cabinet is located on right corner of the library behind the Porter. We were asked to use catalogue in a cabinet tray and retrieved the book on shelve and I was able to carry out the task under 3 minute. The problem here is that charging and discharging activities are not really practiced in medical library due to it nature.

We were also taught how to file catalogues in the cabinet using Filing Rules. There are 5 methods of filing:

Filing by Subject/Category
Filing in Alphabetical order/Word-by-word
Filing by Numbers/Numerical order
Filing by Places/Geographical order
Filing by Dates/Chronological order

These ways of filing is called classification and means organizing things that are alike, together. You can, however, combine some of these methods. For example, files that are kept together according to what they are about we say are subject filing but, inside each file the documents could be filed according to date order.

There are two main versions of filing rules: letter-by-letter and word-by-word. In Medical Library, Filing in Alphabetical order is been recognized and practiced.

Word-by-word:

The ALA Rules for Filing Catalog Cards, 2nd ed., by Pauline A. Seeley, is the classic guide to filing catalog cards using the basic order of alphabetical, “word-by-word" rules. They retain provisions for observing hierarchy in the form of catalog entries.

In these rules, names beginning with M', Mc, and Mac were all filed as if spelled "Mac".

     MacDonald, David

     McDonald, Ronald

     McDonegan, Cecelia

     MacDonegan, Steven

     Macomber, Debbie

These rules do not make distinctions between types of headings and file "nothing before something"

     London, Andrea

     London, Jack

     London and Londoners

     London Bridge is falling down

In this section, we also learn how to take statistics of Readers and Books consulted. The essence of library statistics is to determine the level of resources utilization and patronage of the library, and also use for planning budget for the library.

MONTH: NOV. 2014

DATE	8:00-10:00	10:00-2:00	12:00-2:00	2:00- 4:00	4:00-6:00	6:00-8:00	TOTAL
1	13	12	10	5	11	21	72
2	33	10	12	11	10	7	83
3	12	22	14	13	1	10	72
4	22	12	16	22	9	8	89
5	22	16	0	14	8	33	93
6	3	9	3	9	10	12	46
7	5	8	2	11	11	3	40
8	12	33	9	4	12	8	78
9	12	8	3	3	44	6	76
10	9	17	6	9	19	9	86
GRAND TOTAL							735

Fig. 12: Readers Statistics Form

MONTH: NOV. 2014

DATE	2:00	5:00	7:00	TOTAL
1	13	12	10	35
2	33	10	12	55
3	12	22	14	48
4	22	12	16	50
5	22	16	0	38
6	3	9	3	15
7	5	8	2	15
8	12	33	9	44
9	12	8	3	23
10	9	17	6	32
GRAND TOTAL				340

Fig. 13: Statistics of Books consulted form

Statistics is use for the planning of library budget and acquisition of library of library materials, It is also important for research and development among others.

CHAPTER FOUR

PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES ENCOUNTER DURING THE EXERCISE INCLUDING PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL LIBRARY

4.1 Challenges of SIWES on students

The main objective of the programme is to bridge theory with practice by making it possible for students to get themselves exposed to ‘real jobs and actual job’s situations and environments. The following problem however has become obvious inhibiting the attainment of its established goals.

1. Information and communication Technology

The proliferation of ICT in the library has created a new modus operandi for the LIS profession by virtue of new tools for information exchange. We recognize the challenge when we note that the library profession in developed nations like India, Bangladesh just like their colleagues everywhere, particularly those serving high-tech institutions, are already subject to challenges resulting from ICT. We assert that the new technology may call for organizational change in the traditional library and that librarians may function more like consulting information engineers than as the traditional, passive custodians of information and dispersers of documents.

Digital/e- library as an information service in which all information resources are available in computer process able form and the functions of acquisition, storage, preservation, retrieval, access, and display are carried out through the use of digital technology. The ICT environment calls for librarian to be managers and organizers of digital content. It requires new management skills and other roles such as content creators, web page planners and designers, and Internet navigators where librarians can be more proactive than in the analog era. Librarians operating in this information environment may be called Internet librarians, digital librarians, “cybrarians,” or “webarians,” all coined from ICT jargon. These changes are positioning librarians for the global information arena.

There has been a revolution in user services. Developments in ICT affected users' information need, tasking librarians to catch up with the trend and satisfy their clientele. We also observes that the growing number of university students, the increase in study programs, the increase in research, and rapid ICT developments have all changed the routines of traditional academic librarianship. The fact is that these changes and demands need innovative librarians who can meet the needs of users.

E-learning also developed in academic communities following the emergence of digital technology. To satisfy patrons, librarians should adapt to the new learning environment characterized by new information formats with a learner-centered and interactive approach. Most of the attaching organizations hardly possess these facilities which Siwes is finding it difficult to attain it establishing goals.

2. Non-uniformity of credit units assigned to SIWES by participating Departments and Institutions.

Over the years, different departments especially in the universities have allocated different credit units, ranging from 6 to 15 to SIWES. It is worth nothing that the assignment of a credit unit to SIWES has, in itself, meant a dislocation in the total credit load taken students involved in the scheme and hence, the minimum credit load of a student should pass before he/she can graduate.

Furthermore, since most of the students involved are required to be on attachment for six months (usually at the stretch), that is for more than one semester, we end up carrying more credit load in one or two sessions usually at our first semester of 300 level and/or 400 level for us undergoing four year programmes. There is therefore a need for the administrators/managers of scheme, in collaboration with institutions of higher learning to arrive at a uniform credit for the various courses/programmes that will be in harmony with the minimum credit units required for graduation. This purses a lot of challenges to the students participating in the SIWES Programme (Industrial Attachment) for probation and even withdrawer.

3. Non-provision of training manual for students on attachment as well as forwarding manuals to institutions, non-availability of up to date job specification handbook and inadequate of industrial training programmes.

4. Inadequate and Lack of effective orientation and supervision of students on attachment by staff and supervision of students on attachment by staff of Organizing bodies. Some of those student on IT were supervise only once and some no supervision to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the training students in order to bridge the gap between the theory and practice in librarianship.

4.2 Challenges of Medical Library

The medical library, college of health science, Benue State University Makurdi was established to promote academic activities in the college for research activities leading to the discovery of new and better ways of acquiring knowledge. The following problem however has become obvious inhibiting the attainment of its established goals.

1. Shortage of Facilities

There is a general shortage of Necessary facilities in the library. The maximum users that can be present in the library at a time are 100 individuals which is the estimated total library sitting capacity as compared to the entire medical college populations. Mostly, during exam period there is extreme lack of library space and comfort as well as bad situation with the Library server in e-Library yielding epileptic and lift services.

2. Attitude of the User Community

The user community of the library is often stubborn. They occupy spaces not for reading but mostly sit to watch movies and play games on their laptops, IPod’s, Ipads etc, refusing to pave way for others to use the library resources and do facebook. This illicit act set back the library effort to administer quality and efficient services to the user community.

3. Poor Maintenance of Library Material’s

The materials/facilities possessed, by the library and the accessibility to these materials is what determines the worth of the library. At times these materials are mal-handled by actual library staff. This might be as a result of lack of training or ignorance on the value of the library materials.

4. Lack of Current Materials

It is quite unfortunate that the most current materials are not used in the library to reflect the current trend of information accessibility, retrieval and dissemination in as much as the library is a special library connotes to saving lives as a medical library. In the Technical Services Section, the list of subject headings and schedule are all old editions with 2013 edition as most current one, the equipments in the Digital library are mostly outdated and no library software has been install for library services and management.

In the readers services division, most of the materials on the shelves has undergone series of revision and edition, but the library still maintains the initial editions. This do not urge well of the library as a special information centre.

5. Erratic Power Supply

ICT infrastructures depend mostly on electricity to function and access the needed information. The general Nigerian problem of poor or epileptic supply of power is also a great deterrence to the library. It harbours the operation of most library equipments and gadgets and also ends up destroying the power surges. This greatly reduces the efficiency of the library and perhaps, acts as a setback to proper information dissemination killing the Library system in our universities and entire country.

6. Shortage of Library Staff

The library in all its size and capacity in run and maintained by a handful of staff. This has reduced the effectiveness of the library services, as few staff is available to attend to the needs of a large community of users.

It is surprising that there are only about five professional or trained librarians at the college of health science, Benue State University Medical library. The others are untrained or supporting staff. This is not health for the status of the library as an academic and special library with high demand and need of professional skill and knowledge

4.3 Personal Challenges

In the cause of my Industrial Training (IT) at the college of health science, Benue State University Medical library to acquire the requisite knowledge as a librarian was accompanied with the following challenges:

1. Transportation

Due to the fact that the Industrial Training (IT) as popular known by the populace was undertaken in a process that you worked as a staff of the library. As a staff, you are to report to work by 7:30am unlike going to lectures that has time and allows changes, on a daily basis, money was most time a hindrance but not optional due to non-allowance by the attaching organizations and non-payment of siwes allowance by the Government. In school, lectures were not on a daily basis and perhaps not in the early hours of the day compared to work situation so it was very new and different experience all together.

2. Shortage of Facilities in the Library

There is a general shortage of facilities in the library. The maximum users that can be present in the library at a time are 100 individuals which is the estimated total library sitting capacity as compared to the entire medical college populations. As a young and small library they haven’t commence full library services which denied us from having access to knowledge in other services of the library.

3. Attitude of the Staff

Some of the staff members of the library sometimes action and behavour made it hard to interact with them, hence there was poor social relationships. This lead to difficulties in asking questions where there was limited understanding and hindrance for knowledge to be attained.

4.4 Suggestions to the Problems

In this section, suggestions are made toward tackling identified challenges faced by students during/course of SIWES. Possible suggestions are presented below:

i. There is a need for the administrators and management of SIWES in collaboration with institutions of higher learning to arrive at a common/uniform credit unit, if say 6 credit units for each attachment for similar courses/programmes. The agreed credit unit should necessarily take cognizance of the minimum credit unit required for a semester and graduation for various courses/programmes across universities.

ii. SIWES organizing and supervising bodies should liaise and set committee on the improving students’ supervision during attachment in other to attain goal and objectives of SIWES.

iii. There is also need for SIWES organizing, supervising bodies, participating institutions and employers to come together and find ways to be paying little allowance to the participating student in other to alleviate their hardship during Industrial Training.

iv. Government should take full responsibility of funding libraries and forget lift services that are creating negative perception about Librarianship in our country. If government Endeavour to take full responsibility to library funding, Library will be recognize as one the agents for nation building and reputation librarianship built in develop countries will be achieved here in Nigeria.

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR IMPROVEMENT

5.1 Summary

The SIWES has provided a training ground where skill relating to how information can be processed, managed, preserved, retrieved and documented. This has gone a long way in equipping me in merging what has been learn in the lecture room to what was actually learnt on the field. The Scheme which is a skills training programme is designed to expose and prepare students of Universities, Polytechnics/Colleges of Technology, Agriculture and Colleges of Education to real life work situation after graduation.

SIWES is a cooperative industrial internship program that involves institutions of higher learning, Industries, the Federal government of Nigeria, Industrial Training Fund (ITF), Nigerian Universities Commission (NUC) and NBTE/NCCEE in Nigeria.

        5.2 Conclusion

            The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skill training program designed to exposed and prepare students in institution of higher learning for the industrial work situation they are likely to meet after graduation, the situation described above represent the idea, but sometimes these ideas are achieved; as there are many problems militating against the success or its attainment.

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem of lack of adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in industries by Nigerian graduates of tertiary institutions. The SIWES Programmes is a skills acquisition programme blends theory with practice in the industrial and commercial activities of our national economy.

 Nevertheless, SIWES plays a significant role in human resource development in Nigeria and students should be aware of what the present society holds for them and adapt accordingly.

5.3 Recommendations

The following recommendations were based on the experience of IT at Medical Library, College of Health Sciences.

i. Proper Coordination and Supervision of the Exercise: The various bodies involved in the management of the SIWES exercise i.e. Federal Government, Industrial Training Fund (ITF), NUC, NBTE and NCCE should come together and fashion out a modality that will ensure smooth operation of the SIWES exercise. Efforts should be made to ensure that students attached to the organization are properly supervised to ensure that what they are doing is in line with the objectives of the SIWES exercise.

ii. The various bodies involved in the management of the SIWES programmes should liaise with the various industries ahead of tune so as to minimize or reduce to the barest minimum the high level of reward or student allowance and incentive to aids students for their industrial training participation due to nonpayment of SIWES allowance by the Government.

iii. Employers of labour are very important in the effective running of this scheme. They should try as much as possible to absorb a large number of SIWES students in their various establishments to acquire the practical training.

iv. Government should liaise with bodies involved in the management of the SIWES programmes ahead of tune so as to reduce or put an end to the barest Delay in release of funds for supervision and student’s industrial training allowances.

v. Finally, Library schools should revise their curriculum and introduce new courses to meet the need of employers in the public and private sector and some of other courses that will expose student to area of self-employment in this time of global unemployment and personnel downsizing.

ICTs development have put more pressure on the SIWES program to help student develop new skills, student should be aware of what the society holds for them and adapt accordingly

REFERENCES

Akerejola, O. (2008). Information and guidelines for Students Industrial Work

Experience Scheme. Retrieved on 1^st Dec. 2014 from

http://www.itf-nigeria.org/docs/siwes-op-guide.pdf

National Library of Medicine Classification: A Scheme for the Shelf Arrangement

of Books in the Field of Medicine and Its Related Sciences. Fourth Edition 1978 retrieved on 20^th Oct. 2014 from

https://archives.org/details/7900464.nlm.nih.gov

Nse J. (2012) Evaluation of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)

in Library School: The Federal Polytechnic Nekede Experience. Library Philosophy and Practice Retrieved from http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/

Ode, E.O. and Omokaro D.A. (2007), Basic Principles and Practice of Librarianship; Makurdi: Oracle Business Ltd.

Ugwuanyi C. and Ezema J. (2010). Ugwuanyi, Chijioke F. and Ezema, Jonas U.,

"Challenges of Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) in Library and Information Science in the ICT Environment" (2010). Library Philosophy and Practice July (e-journal). Paper

40. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/401

APPENDIX: SCHEDULE BSU BLS STUDENTS ON SIWES PROGRAMME

COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI

(Office of the Medical Librarian)

To: Heads of Unit

Subject: BSU BLS STUDENTS ON SIWES PROGRAMME

The under listed students, who are on SIWES programme in the Medical Library from 14^th July, 2014 – 26^th December, 2014 will be moving to the various units as shown below:

GROUP A: Atakpa V. Virginia; Anase V. Yila; Usaa S. Unande; Gado Terungwa, Tondo Josephine, Tese Juliana & Mathew M. Obaike

UNITS	DATES
Orientation	14^th July, 2014
Readers Services	15^th July - 29^th August, 2014
Serials	30^th August -10^th October, 2014
ICT	11^th October – 20^th November, 2014
Cat and Class	21^st November – 26^th December, 2014

GROUP B: Vanger Terna; Sarah Koho; Iorpav Raphael; Yongu Japhet & Indyer Nguseer D

Orientation	14^th July, 2014
Serials	15^th July - 29^th August, 2014
ICT	30^th August -10^th October, 2014
Cat and Class	11^th October – 20^th November, 2014
Readers Services	21^st November – 26^th December, 2014

GROUP C: Gbanger C. Ushahemba; Nomiyugh T. Alfred; Benedict A. Iorhemba; Sokpo Ngahiden & Adzaigba Mvendaga

Orientation	14^th July, 2014
Cat and Class	15^th July - 29^th August, 2014
Readers Services	30^th August -10^th October, 2014
Serials	11^th October – 20^th November, 2014
ICT	21^st November – 26^th December, 2014

Note: Ensure proper supervision is done in all the Units.

Sign: Moses Ode

For: Medical Librarian

Wednesday, 23 September 2015

Word-by-word: